the glossary

Every term used across the range, defined in one place — the receptors, the compound classes, and the testing vocabulary. Each definition links to the page where the concept is developed in full.

Incretin & metabolic

Incretin: The gut-derived hormone signalling system — chiefly GLP-1 and GIP — central to glucose-regulation and appetite research. The metabolic peptides are built to engage its receptors.
Agonist: A molecule that activates a receptor. A metabolic peptide is defined by which receptors it agonises — its agonist profile — not by potency alone.
GLP-1 receptor glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor: The most-studied incretin receptor, associated with glucose-dependent insulin signalling and appetite. Engaged by every compound in the metabolic range.
GIP receptor glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor: The second incretin receptor. Co-agonising it alongside GLP-1 is what makes a compound a "dual agonist".
Glucagon receptor: A third metabolic receptor studied in energy-expenditure and hepatic-metabolism contexts. Adding it to dual incretin agonism produces a "triple agonist".
Dual / triple agonist: A single peptide that agonises two (GIP + GLP-1) or three (+ glucagon) receptors at once. More receptors means a different research footprint, not a ranking.

Growth-hormone axis

Secretagogue: A compound that prompts the body's own pituitary to release growth hormone, rather than supplying GH directly. The alternative research approach to recombinant GH.
GHRH analogue growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogue: A stabilised mimic of GHRH that stimulates endogenous, pulsatile GH release. Tesamorelin and the CJC-1295 arm of the secretagogue blend sit here.
GHRP GH-releasing peptide: A ghrelin-receptor agonist that amplifies GH release through a receptor separate from GHRH. Ipamorelin is the selective example.
Recombinant GH somatropin, rhGH: Growth hormone itself, produced recombinantly and supplied directly rather than via a secretagogue. Quantified in international units (IU).
IU international unit: The standardised unit recombinant GH is measured in, rather than milligrams. The click calculator converts IU per click for the somatropin pen.

Repair & cellular

Pentadecapeptide: A peptide of fifteen amino acids. BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide studied in cytoprotection and angiogenesis-related repair.
Thymosin β4: A naturally occurring protein involved in cell structure. TB-500 is a synthetic fragment related to it, studied for actin regulation and cell migration.
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: A fundamental redox coenzyme in energy metabolism and cellular signalling — studied as a metabolic substrate rather than a receptor ligand.
Redox coenzyme: A molecule consumed and regenerated in the cell's oxidation-reduction reactions. NAD+ is the archetype in longevity research.
Mitochondrial-derived peptide: A peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA and studied in metabolic signalling. MOTS-c is the example; SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting peptide by contrast.

Melanocortin & aesthetics

Melanocortin receptor MC1, MC4: The receptor family engaged by Melanotan II (broad, incl. MC1/pigmentation) and PT-141 (weighted to MC4/arousal research). Selectivity is the axis of comparison.
Copper peptide: A copper-binding peptide studied in skin-remodelling, collagen and matrix research. GHK-Cu is the copper tripeptide; GLOW and KLOW are blends built around it.

Testing & quality

COA certificate of analysis: A lab's report on a specific batch — identity, purity and a safety panel. It only means something if it's tied to the lot in your hand.
HPLC purity high-performance liquid chromatography: The proportion of a sample that is the target peptide, by chromatographic peak area. Veyvora's specification is ≥ 98.0% — with limits on what it does and doesn't prove.
LC-MS liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: The method that confirms a compound's identity on the COA — that the molecule is the right one, before purity is even considered.
Peptide content: How close the actual amount of peptide is to the label, typically specified at 95–105%. The field that catches underdosing, which HPLC purity alone cannot.
Endotoxin (LAL): Bacterial endotoxin measured by the LAL test, against an EU/mg limit — part of the COA safety panel.
Karl Fischer: The titration that measures water content in a sample — moisture, on the COA safety panel.
ICP-MS: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry — measures heavy-metal contaminants against a ppm limit on the COA.
Batch / lot number: The identifier tying a certificate of analysis to a specific production run. If it doesn't match your pen, the COA describes a different sample.

Handling & format

Research pen click pen: The pre-filled, click-dosed pen format every Veyvora compound is supplied in — a 3 ml pen equal to 300 clicks, so per-click maths is simple and repeatable.
Research use only: The compliance status of everything Veyvora supplies: strictly for in-vitro and laboratory research — not medicines, and not for human or veterinary consumption.